Jezik in slovstvo

Kodni sistem
Slovenska književnost
Avtorji
Uredništvo <-> bralci

Jezik in slovstvo
Povzetki

Mihaela Koletnik

Glasoslovna in oblikoslovna podoba govora v Črešnjevcih
The Phonetic and Orthographic Characteristics of the Local Speech of Črešnjevci

Slovenski sinopsis
English synopsis
English summary

Slovenski sinopsis

Vzhodno slovenskogoriško narečje, kamor spada črešnjevski govor, uvrščamo v panonsko narečno skupino. Značilna zanj sta izguba tonemskih nasprotij in ohranjeno kolikostno nasprotje med starimi dolgimi cirkumflektiranimi in akutiranimi samoglasniki. Samoglasniški sestav vsebuje dolge naglašene i:, ü:, u:,

:, e:

, o:

, a:, kratke naglašene: i, ü, u,

, e, ?, in nenaglašene samoglasnike. Soglasniški sestav se od knjižnega razlikuje le v posameznih razvojih: l' > l, --- ł > -

/-ja v naglašenem zlogu, sicer v -a; -m > -n; n' > n/

; skupini črě- in žrě-; tl, dl > kl, gl; dn > gn; šč > š; sk > šk-. Samostalniki s. sp. so v dv. in mn. moško- ali ženskospolski. Pri pridevniku prevladuje določena oblika tudi za nedoločnost.

English synopsis

The local speech of Črešnjevci belongs to the Eastern Slovenske Gorice dialect and with it to the Panonic group of dialects. Typical of it are loss of tonemic oppositions and preservation of the quantitative opposition between the old long circumflexed and acute vowels. The vowel system contains the long stressed i:, ü:, u:,

:, e:

, o:

, a:, the short stressed i, ü, u,

, e, ?, and unstressed vowels. The consonant system differs from that of the standard language only in some individual developments: l' > l, -ł > -

/-ja in stressed syllables, otherwise into -a; -m > -n; n' > n/

; the complexes črě- and žrě-; tl, dl > kl, gl; dn > gn; šč > š; sk > šk-. Neutral gender nouns in the dual and plural behave as if they were either masculin or feminin. Among adjectival forms, the definite form prevails also in indefinite meanings.

Neutral gender nouns preserve their gender and paradigm only in the plural; in the dual and plural they adopt either masculin or feminin forms. Uncountable nouns preserve the neutral gender. The dative and locative cases in the singular of masculin nouns end in , the dative and instrumental in the singular for all genders end in -ma, and the instrumental in the singular of feminin gender ends in -j. In the adjective, the definite form prevail also in indefinite meanings. The is no past perfect tense and no participial clauses. The first person dual suffix is -ma; formerly suffixless verbs get suffixes.

English summary

The local speech of Črešnjevci belongs to the Eastern Slovenske Gorice dialect, and with it to the Panonic group of dialects. It has no tonemic stress, but it has preserved the old quantitative opposition between long circumflexed and acute vowels.

The vowel system of the Črešnjevci speech contains the long stressed i:, ü:, u:, :, :, e:, o:, a:, the short stressed i, ü, u, , , e, ?, and unstressed vowels. Vowel reduction is minimal, most frequently in the vicinity of sonorants.

The consonant system contains the sonorants l, m, r, n, j, , v (with the allophones f, ) and the obstruents p, t, k, s, š, b, d, g, z, ž, č, f, c, x. It differs from that of the standard language only in individual developments: l' > l, -ł > -/-ja in stressed syllables, otherwise into > -a; -m > -n; n' > n/; v is [v] in front of a voiceless nezvočnik, while in word final position it is [f]; rhinism; the complexes črě- and žrě-; tl, dl > kl, gl; dn > gn; šč > š; sk > šk-.

Neutral gender nouns preserve their gender and paradigm only in the plural; in the dual and plural they adopt either masculin or feminin forms. Uncountable nouns preserve the neutral gender. The dative and locative cases in the singular of masculin nouns end in , the dative and instrumental in the singular for all genders end in -ma, and the instrumental in the singular of feminin gender ends in -j. In the adjective, the definite form prevails also in indefinite meanings. There is no past perfect tense and no participial clauses. The first person dual suffix is -ma; formerly suffixless verbs get suffixes.