Jezik in slovstvo

Kodni sistem
Slovenska književnost
Avtorji
Uredništvo <-> bralci

Jezik in slovstvo
Povzetki

Jezik in slovstvo
Kazalo
Kazalo letnika

Mihaela Koletnik

Ceršaški govor
The Speech of Ceršak

Slovenski sinopsis
English synopsis
English summary

Slovenski sinopsis

Zahodno slovenskogoriško narečje, kamor spada ceršaški govor, uvrščamo v panonsko narečno skupino. Značilna zanj sta izguba tonemskih nasprotij in poznejše daljšanje starih skrajšanih in kratkih novoakutiranih samoglasnikov, zato se danes razlikujejo odrazi za te akutirane in stalno dolge samoglasnike. V pregibanju prevladuje nepremični naglasni tip na osnovi. Tvorba zloženih povedi se bistveno ne razlikuje od knjižne tvorbe.

English synopsis

The dialect of the Western Slovenske gorice, where the speech of Ceršak belongs, is part of the Panonic dialect group. It is characterised by the loss of tonemic oppositions and a later lenghtening of old reduced and short newly-acutised vowels, with the resulting present-day distinction between reflections for these acutised and permanently long vowels. In declension and conjugation, the unshifting stress on the base syllable prevails. Complex and compound syntactic patters do not differ significantly from those of the standard literary language.

English summary

The Ceršak speech is one of the speeches of the Western Slovenske gorice. More broadly, it belongs to the Panonic dialect group. It is characterised by the loss of tonemic oppositions and a later lenghtening of old reduced and short newly-acutised vowels, with the resulting present-day distinction between reflections for these acutised and permanently long vowels. The system of long stressed vowels, which developed from permanently long and initially and newly acutised vowels in non-final and final word syllables, comprises: i:, u:, i:/:, u:/:, i:, u:, :, :, e:, o, ie:, a:, a:, a: and r. The permanently long jat and the permanently long o developed into a: and a:, similarly as in the neighbouring North Štajerska dialect of Kozjak, where the development of jat went parallelly with the permanently long e, while in the Ceršak speech the development of the permanently long e ran parallel with the permanently long ę and permanently long , which was typical of speeches of Panonje. Under the influence of the Kozjak speech, the long ü coming from u: was lost; long i and u are diphthongised into i:/: and u:/:, and the same respective reflects were given by the following pairs of vowels: permanently long and initially acutised ę, permanently long and initially acutised , and permanently long and initially acutised . The fact that one and the same original phoneme produced two or three different reflects is a proof that the changing processes are still very productive. Unstressed vowels are i, u, e, o, a and r. Vowel reduction is very limited, most commonly occurring in the vicinity of liquids.

The consonant system comprises the liquids l, m, r, n, j, , v (with the variants f and ) and the non-liquids p, t, k, s, š, b, d, g, z, ž, č, f, c, x. It is identical to that of the standard literary language, except for individual developments: l' > l; ł > -/-o in a stressed syllable, otherwise > -o; -m is preserved; n' > n , word-initially and between two consonants > ; v > f before voiceless consonants and in word-final position; the clusters črě- and žrě- are preserved; tl, dl > kl, gl; dn > gn; xč > šč; xt > st; šč > š; sk- > šk; z before > ž.

Nouns of neutral gender preserve their gender and declination only in the singular, while in the dual and plural they become feminine or masculine. Non-countable nouns preserve the neutral gender. The dative and locative cases in the singular of the masculine gender end in i, and the accusative and instrumental in the dual of all genders end in oma. The the adjective, the apparent definite form prevails also for indefiniteness. The past perfect and the participials in č, -e, -aje and ši do not exist. The first person dual ending in verbs is ma; previously non-suffixed verbs and now suffixed.

The speech of Ceršak displays all characteristics of spoken language syntax. Formation of coordinated, subordinated and juxtaposed sentences does not differ significantly from the patterns in the standard literary language.