Jezik in slovstvo

Kodni sistem
Slovenska knjizevnost
Avtorji
Urednistvo <-> bralci

Jezik in slovstvo
Povzetki

Robert Cazinkic'

Oziralni prilastkovi odvisniki
Relative Attributive Clauses

Slovenski sinopsis
English synopsis
English summary

Slovenski sinopsis

Clanek obravnava tipicne znacilnosti oziralnega stavka nasploh in njegove opredeljevalne lastnosti v slovenscini. Ob orisu formalne in funkcijske tipologije odvisnikov in prikazu oziralnikov je glavna pozornost posvecena razlocevanju med omejevalnim in neomejevalnim prilastkom ter opredeljevanju vpliva, ki ga imajo lastna imena, osebni in pridevniski zaimki ter clen v antecedentu na tip oziralnega prilastkovega odvisnika.

English synopsis

The article discusses typical features of the relative clause in general and its defining properties in Slovene. Within the framework of formal and functional typology of dependent clauses and description of relative words, the discussion focuses on distinguishing between restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses and the role played by proper names, personal and adjectival pronouns and the article in the antecedent in determining the type of the relative attributive clause.

English summary

Typical relative clauses are dependent clauses functioning as postmodifiers. They are introduced by a relative pronoun juxtaposed to the antecedent, whose syntactic, semantic and pragmatic roles are preserved in the relative clause. This is the relative clause prototype defined in the typological model like any other category on the basis of features repeating in a large number of tokens in a corpus. Categories are in this model conceived as continua. In consequence, linguistic descriptions do not exclude atypical members of a category. Different atypical members of a category may depart from the prototype features to a greater or lesser extent. In Slovene, a relative clause is always a dependent clause containing a relative pronoun in which the antecent's syntactic, semantic and pragmatic roles are preserved.

The category of a dependent clause is normally determined on the basis of formal and functional criteria. In the formal typology, dependent clauses are divided into conjunctive, relative and (dependent) interrogative clauses; from a functional point of view, there is a difference between those functioning as a clause element and those functioning as part of a phrase which realizes a clause element.

Attributive elements --- both clausal and non-clausal --- are of two types, depending on whether they restrict or not the number of items to which their noun phrase refers: restrictive (not omissible) and nonrestrictive (omissible). This semantic distinction is reflected in syntactic differences on the level of noun phrases containing a relative attributive clause (the nonrestrictive attributive clause is an immediate constituent of the noun phrase, while the restrictive attributive clause is not). The use of a restrictive or nonrestrictive clause respectively leads also to a different logical relation in the deep structure of such a sentences (implication or conjunction). In Slovene, questions with kaksen ('of what sort') may usually be answered using either a restrictive or a nonrestrictive clause, while the question kateri ('which') is always answered using a restrictive clause. The frequency of the two types is to some extent different in written and spoken language.

The type of the attributive element depends on the content and structure of the relative clause and its antecedent, on the context, and on the addressee's extralinguistic knowledge. The definite »article« tisti ('that'; = 'the'), (relative)indefinite, universal and negative adjectival pronouns in the antecedent typically make an attributive clause restrictive, while proper names, personal pronouns (with specific reference), demonstrative adjectival pronouns ta ('this'), tisti ('that'), oni ('distant that'), possessive pronouns (including the reflexive possessive), and the indefinite »article« nek(i) ('some'; = 'a(n)') contribute towards a nonrestrictive interpretation of the attributive clause.

All Slovene relative words are pronouns, a subcategory either of the nominal, adjectival or adverbial category. But they also belong to the category of conjunctives, linking the relative clause to the antecedent in the superordinate clause. Most relative pronouns differ morphologically from interrogative and indefinite pronouns; therefore relative clauses and relative words are usually determined on the basis of formal properties.